Photo Forum / Film Photography / Darkroom / December 2005
Fixing bath without ammonium thiosulfate
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pslaviero@interfree.it - 23 Nov 2005 11:40 GMT Hi all, I'm looking for formulations of fixing bath without using ammonium thiosulfate. By now I have the Ilford IF-2 formulation (sodium thiosulfate 200 g, potassim metabisulfite 12.5 g per liter of water). Any opinion about this one?
Thanks all
P.
Lloyd Erlick - 23 Nov 2005 15:34 GMT >Hi all, I'm looking for formulations of fixing bath without using >ammonium thiosulfate. By now I have the Ilford IF-2 formulation (sodium [quoted text clipped - 4 lines] > >P. November 23, 2005, from Lloyd Erlick,
I've been using the fix that Ansel Adams called "Plain Fix". He published the formula in the appendix of his book, 'The Print'.
It's a very simple formula -- one liter water, 160 grams of sodium thiosulfate anhydrous, and 15-25 grams of sodium sulfite anhydrous. It is odorless, easy to prepare, and cheap.
I've been using it for several years, for both film and paper. It works and stores as well as any commercial fix I've ever used. I started using it because I wanted to make my darkroom odor free.
I have a few articles relating to this on my website, under the 'technical' button in the table of contents.
regards, --le
 Signature ________________________________ Lloyd Erlick Portraits, Toronto. voice: 416-686-0326 email: portrait@heylloyd.com net: www.heylloyd.com ________________________________
pslaviero@interfree.it - 23 Nov 2005 18:16 GMT > >Hi all, I'm looking for formulations of fixing bath without using > >ammonium thiosulfate. By now I have the Ilford IF-2 formulation (sodium [quoted text clipped - 36 lines] > ________________________________ > -- Thanks for your answer. Is this a stock solution? And if so, how much must I diluite it? P.
Lloyd Erlick - 24 Nov 2005 15:36 GMT >Thanks for your answer. Is this a stock solution? And if so, how much >must I diluite it? >P. November 24, 2005, from Lloyd Erlick,
It's a working solution. No dilution. It has a capacity of about 25 8x10s (or equivalent) per liter, same as most sodium thiosulfate based fixers. I always use it as part of a double bath setup, and I also only use it to about two thirds of its supposed capacity (so that's around 50 8x10s per three liters of fixer). (Actually, since I use a double bath,I fix 50 8x10s in a total of six liters, which I then discard and replace, but that's just my belt and suspenders approach.)
regards, --le
 Signature ________________________________ Lloyd Erlick Portraits, Toronto. voice: 416-686-0326 email: portrait@heylloyd.com net: www.heylloyd.com ________________________________
UC - 23 Nov 2005 15:57 GMT Why? Ammonium salt fixers are better!
> Hi all, I'm looking for formulations of fixing bath without using > ammonium thiosulfate. By now I have the Ilford IF-2 formulation (sodium [quoted text clipped - 4 lines] > > P. Richard Knoppow - 23 Nov 2005 19:02 GMT > Hi all, I'm looking for formulations of fixing bath > without using [quoted text clipped - 7 lines] > > P. Why are you trying to avoid Ammonium Thiosulfate? Ammonium thiosulfate is the basis for all "rapid" fixers. Standard fixers use Sodium thiosulfate, nearly any fixer formula can be made up with either if the amount of the Thiosulfate is adjusted. The Ilford fixer above is a "plain", that is non-hardening bath although it will be mildly acid because of the metabisulfite. If you want a neutral or slightly alkaline bath use Sodium sulfite instead. Fixers of this sort have little or no odor. The amount of sulfite or metabisulfite is not critical as long as there is enough to protect the thiosulfate from aerial oxidation and to prevent staining from carried over developer. For a low acid fixing bath even 5 grams per liter is enough. The amount of thiosulfate depends on its hydration. Sodium thiosulfate comes in two forms, crystalline (pentahydrate) and anhydrous. Standard fixing baths have about 240 grams per liter of the crystalline type or 160 grams of the anhydrous type. There is no difference when mixed. For those interested in making up "rapid" fixer crystalline Ammonium thiosulfate may be substituted for crystaline Sodium thiosulfate by using 60% by weight in any standard fixer formula.
 Signature --- Richard Knoppow Los Angeles, CA, USA dickburk@ix.netcom.com
John - 24 Nov 2005 05:26 GMT > For a low acid fixing > bath even 5 grams per liter is enough. One other solution is to use boric or citric acids which has almost no odor. However I think this formula from Kodak is fine :
Kodak's F-24 Fixer Water @ 125F 750ml Sod. Thiosulfate 240g Sod.Sulfite 10g Sod. Bisulfite 25g Water to make 1.0L
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John S. Douglas, Photographer & Webmaster http://www.puresilver.org - http://www.legacy-photo.com
lew - 24 Nov 2005 13:43 GMT I know I should know this, but is the Thiosulfate in the formula pentahydrate or anhydrous?
>> For a low acid fixing >> bath even 5 grams per liter is enough. [quoted text clipped - 5 lines] > Water @ 125F 750ml Sod. Thiosulfate 240g Sod.Sulfite 10g > Sod. Bisulfite 25g Water to make 1.0L Jean-David Beyer - 24 Nov 2005 13:51 GMT > I know I should know this, but is the Thiosulfate in the formula > pentahydrate or anhydrous? In USA, anhydrous is difficult to get. In F-24 it is pentahydrate.
>>>For a low acid fixing >>>bath even 5 grams per liter is enough. [quoted text clipped - 5 lines] >>Water @ 125F 750ml Sod. Thiosulfate 240g Sod.Sulfite 10g >>Sod. Bisulfite 25g Water to make 1.0L
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Lloyd Erlick - 24 Nov 2005 16:03 GMT >In USA, anhydrous is difficult to get. In F-24 it is pentahydrate. November 24, 2005, from Lloyd Erlick,
This surprises me. Canada is usually a copy of anything American! I'd guess any sodium thiosulfate entering Canada has entered the USA first, probably through an enormous port in New Jersey...
Anhydrous has no water attached to it, so it weighs significantly less (hence 160 vs 240 grams per liter). This makes it cheaper to transport -- cheaper. Less energy used to transport it around the country. Cheaper. Hence easier to obtain, in my experience.
Obviously our mileages differ!
regards, --le
 Signature ________________________________ Lloyd Erlick Portraits, Toronto. voice: 416-686-0326 email: portrait@heylloyd.com net: www.heylloyd.com ________________________________
Lloyd Erlick - 24 Nov 2005 15:58 GMT >I know I should know this, but is the Thiosulfate in the formula >pentahydrate or anhydrous? November 24, 2005, from Lloyd Erlick,
If 160 grams per liter are specified, it refers to sodium thiosulfate anhydrous (or siccative, or words like that).
If 240 grams per liter are specified, it refers to sodium thiosulfate crystalline, or hydrated, or words like that.
regards, --le
 Signature ________________________________ Lloyd Erlick Portraits, Toronto. voice: 416-686-0326 email: portrait@heylloyd.com net: www.heylloyd.com ________________________________
Richard Knoppow - 26 Nov 2005 21:20 GMT >I know I should know this, but is the Thiosulfate in the >formula pentahydrate or anhydrous? [quoted text clipped - 9 lines] >> Water @ 125F 750ml Sod. Thiosulfate 240g Sod.Sulfite 10g >> Sod. Bisulfite 25g Water to make 1.0L Its crystalline (pentahydrate), note the amount. Again, if you have anhydrous sodium thiosulfate use 160 grams. The bisulfite is to acidify the solution. It also provides additional sulfite by reaction. In formulas like the Ilford one given earlier in the thread, which uses metabisulfite, the metabisulfite reacts to form sulfite and a weak acid. Virtually all fixer formulas given in older books are for the pentahydrate (crystalline) form.
 Signature --- Richard Knoppow Los Angeles, CA, USA dickburk@ix.netcom.com
Lloyd Erlick - 24 Nov 2005 15:55 GMT >> For a low acid fixing >> bath even 5 grams per liter is enough. [quoted text clipped - 8 lines] >Sod. Bisulfite 25g >Water to make 1.0L November 24, 2005, from Lloyd Erlick,
Well, in my quest for odorless working solutions in my darkroom, I tried F-24 fixer in its various guises. Citric acid or whatever, it always stank.
I found that _absent_ acid was the key. No acid in my fix. No acid in my darkroom. Sounds like a song.
By the way, Kodak fixer formula F-6 is an acid fixer with no smell. The usual presentation of the formula implies that the acid should be added before the borax or Kodalk (sodium metaborate), but this liberates a gust of sulfur dioxide while you are busy getting the borate ready. I prefer to add the borate ahead of the acid, so no smell is evolved. F-6 works if one wants an acid fix that has no odor. I have other reasons for total elimination of acid from my processes.
Incidentally, Kodak fixer formula F-5 is sometimes advised. In fact, it is of historical and academic interest only, due to high odor. F-6 is the same as F-5 except for the stench.
regards, --le
 Signature ________________________________ Lloyd Erlick Portraits, Toronto. voice: 416-686-0326 email: portrait@heylloyd.com net: www.heylloyd.com ________________________________
Richard Knoppow - 26 Nov 2005 21:33 GMT >>> For a low acid fixing >>> bath even 5 grams per liter is enough. [quoted text clipped - 48 lines] > net: www.heylloyd.com > ________________________________ Kodak F-5 has a larger capacity than F-6 although this may refer to the hardener rather than its ability to fix. If you have no need for a hardener the pH of the fixer can be lowered quite a bit. In fact, the ability of thiosufate (sodium or ammonium) to fix is pretty much independant of its pH. The acidity is needed the hardener and has the advantage of positively inactivating any carried over developer. A simple fixing bath containing only hypo and sulfite will work fine. It is slightly alkaline. Only a small amount of sulfite is needed to prevent oxidation of the thiosulfate, perhaps 5 grams per liter. However, an excess will prevent staining from carried over developer. It will also prevent decomposition of the hypo if an acid stop bath is used but the stop bath does not necessarily eliminate carried over developer, which likely would be again activated in the fixing bath. A simple fixing bath contining hypo and bisulfite or metabisulfite is slightly acid but odor free. It is too high in pH to use with an alum hardener. Citric acid is seldom used in fixing baths. It can be used as an alternative stop bath. However, citric acid binds alum so it can cause problems with hardening fixing baths if much is carried over. Sodium bisulfite or metabisulfite also works as an odorless stop bath and is compatible with hardening fixing baths. About 15 grams/liter is right for either. Kodak stated fairly recently that their Sodium Bisulfite is about half metabisulfite. Either can be used in formulas specifying bisulfite. Pure bisulfite is reportedly expensive and difficult to obtain.
 Signature --- Richard Knoppow Los Angeles, CA, USA dickburk@ix.netcom.com
Lloyd Erlick - 24 Nov 2005 15:47 GMT >Why are you trying to avoid Ammonium Thiosulfate? >Ammonium thiosulfate is the basis for all "rapid" fixers. November 24, 2005, from Lloyd Erlick,
Most available rapid fixers stink powerfully of sulfur dioxide. I got tired of a smelly darkroom, and eliminated all sources of smell.
Sodium thiosulfate is easy to obtain, and it is cheap. It is also easy to store and handle, unlike ammonium thiosulfate, which tends to be supplied in a rather expensive, hard to obtain water solution.
When an ammonium thiosulfate based fixer dries in dribbles and droplets on one's darkroom sink, the deposits are rock hard and difficult to remove. Sodium thiosulfate based solutions pose no cleanup problems.
Sodium thiosulfate based fix has a much lower capacity than ammonium. My overall throughput in my darkroom is quite low compared to a commercial lab. I do not wish to have a fixer that will sit around gathering silver and aging while I slowly process enough films to use it up. My sodium thiosulfate based fixer depletes after only a few uses at my rate, so it is much fresher and contains much less silver than a comparable ammonium based fixer under my usage. Since Adams' 'plain fixer' is so cheap to make up, I'm not tempted to stretch it out and risk the future utility of my negatives.
regards, --le
 Signature ________________________________ Lloyd Erlick Portraits, Toronto. voice: 416-686-0326 email: portrait@heylloyd.com net: www.heylloyd.com ________________________________
John - 25 Nov 2005 05:49 GMT > When an ammonium thiosulfate based fixer > dries in dribbles and droplets on one's > darkroom sink, the deposits are rock hard and > difficult to remove. I use acetic acid to clean with. Seems to work pretty well. I just cut glacial 1:3. Of course I don't think this will help the finish of fine wood furniture though ;>)
 Signature Regards,
John S. Douglas, Photographer & Webmaster http://www.puresilver.org - http://www.legacy-photo.com
Lloyd Erlick - 25 Nov 2005 14:55 GMT >> When an ammonium thiosulfate based fixer >> dries in dribbles and droplets on one's [quoted text clipped - 4 lines] >glacial 1:3. Of course I don't think this will help the finish of fine >wood furniture though ;>) November 25, 2005, from Lloyd Erlick,
How Canadian of you! I like vinegar on my French fries ...
But it's illogical for me to eliminate sources of stink in my darkroom and then use stinky acetic acid to clean up nuisance deposits of a chemical I don't need.
I know it seems illogical to use the same substance on food if I hate the odor, but there is a big difference between sitting down to a meal for a few minutes and working with my nose over acetic acid for ten hours.
regards, --le
 Signature ________________________________ Lloyd Erlick Portraits, Toronto. voice: 416-686-0326 email: portrait@heylloyd.com net: www.heylloyd.com ________________________________
John - 25 Nov 2005 16:26 GMT >> I use acetic acid to clean with. Seems to work pretty well. I just cut >> glacial 1:3. Of course I don't think this will help the finish of fine [quoted text clipped - 13 lines] > regards, > --le But then your working chemicals aren't at 140+F.
Oh and I picked up the vinegar and chips thing from the Irish. Great bunch of people to party with but they really can't handle their drink very well. And they tried to introduce me to something called "Bushmills". I told them "You don't know Jack ? !". Somewhere in Ireland there are a few good souls that have a little bit of Lynchburg, Tennessee in them ;>)
 Signature Regards,
John S. Douglas, Photographer & Webmaster http://www.puresilver.org - http://www.legacy-photo.com
Lloyd Erlick - 26 Nov 2005 14:56 GMT >they tried to introduce me to something called "Bushmills". November 26, 2005, from Lloyd Erlick,
Ah, don't get me going! I love Irish whisky.
Douglas, Douglas, ... isn't that about as Irish as Reagan? Or Clinton? If only Bush hadn't clipped the mills off his name ... and if only he hadn't given up drinking.
You know what they say -- God invented liquor to stop the Irish from ruling the world.
They also say the lost ten tribes of Israel got lost in the British Isles. That's why nobody there can get along with each other.
regards, --le
 Signature ________________________________ Lloyd Erlick Portraits, Toronto. voice: 416-686-0326 email: portrait@heylloyd.com net: www.heylloyd.com ________________________________
John - 27 Nov 2005 18:25 GMT >> they tried to introduce me to something called "Bushmills".
> November 26, 2005, from Lloyd Erlick, > Ah, don't get me going! I love Irish whisky. Sometime when you're on vacation you have stroll through the streets of Lynchburg. They take the casks used to brew Jack and turn them into very fragrant planters. I want some honey from those flowers !
> Douglas, Douglas, ... isn't that about as > Irish as Reagan? Or Clinton? Scot actually. Great gandaddy came over in 1849 I believe. Made a beeline for the Smokies and his son moved right to just south of Nashville. Of course the other half of the tree is Harper. And yes Grandaddy Harper was 90 proof Irish on a good day. Amazing what a little 'shine can do for a mans personality. And the numerous votes he acquired when in politics ;>)
> If only Bush > hadn't clipped the mills off his name ... and > if only he hadn't given up drinking. I'd rather he simply swallow some oil. A couple of gallons of Kuwatii crude would be a good start. And I'll buy him the Bushmills for a chaser WITH PLEASURE !
> You know what they say -- God invented liquor > to stop the Irish from ruling the world. And I thought it was the women !
> They also say the lost ten tribes of Israel > got lost in the British Isles. All I can say is that they should have know to never ask an Irishman for directions !
 Signature Regards,
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dan.c.quinn@att.net - 27 Nov 2005 21:37 GMT > Oh and I picked up the vinegar and chips thing from the Irish. I rather favor melted butter and lemon myself. Fits the fish and baked potatoe I teat myself to now and then. Now that wouldn't be French by any chance? Potatoe? Dan
John - 27 Nov 2005 22:20 GMT >> Oh and I picked up the vinegar and chips thing from the Irish. > > I rather favor melted butter and lemon myself. Fits the > fish and baked potatoe I teat myself to now and then. Now > that wouldn't be French by any chance? Potatoe? Dan Oh stop ! I'm so craving a bag of chips now !
 Signature Regards,
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dan.c.quinn@att.net - 25 Nov 2005 05:09 GMT > Hi all, I'm looking for formulations of fixing bath without using > ammonium thiosulfate. > By now I have the Ilford IF-2 formulation (sodium > thiosulfate 200 g, potassim metabisulfite 12.5 g per liter of water). > Any opinion about this one? Thanks all , P IF-2 fixer I'd say 'is an acid non-hardening fixer. The S. Thio. used is most likely the pentahydrate and has a ph very near 7. The bisulfite serves as a ph modifier AND preservative. It will make for an acid fix. Sulfite rather than bisulfite will make for an alkaline fix.
Using Sodium Thiosulfate and Water a fixer may be compounded using a very simple formula; Na2S2O3 + H2O. Fixer is not like developer. Developers MUST have preservatives and activators. Fixers work very well without any of those.
It is true that a standard liter of fixer containing 150 - 160 grams of anhydrous will clear 25, 8 x 10s. Unexposed at that. I've made the capacity tests. It is also true that 6 grams of the anhydrous will clear 1, 8 x 10. I use fixer very dilute one-shot. Easy to do when using S. Thio. To test, dissolve 6 grams anhydrous or half again as much of the penta in 250 ml of water. When ready fix a pre-wetted sheet. Give it constant agitation with some folding over back to front, right to left. Allow 3 minutes. Less time may do. If you've any sulfide perform the ST-1 test. Don't settle for ANY stain. Weigh or spoon up fresh fixer when needed and as much as is needed. The very dilute large volume fix assures archival results with a single fix. That's a BIG Plus. Since there is no developer buildup in the one-shot fix I do not use a stop. Size up or down the volume to match print size. Less volume then the 250ml mentioned should not be used. Less will crowd archival limits. Dan
Lloyd Erlick - 28 Nov 2005 20:31 GMT >fixer very dilute one-shot November 28, 2005, from Lloyd Erlick,
I've just been scribbling on the back of an envelope to calculate what I've been paying per gram of sodium thiosulfate anhydrous.
It works out to three grams to the penny. The C-penny, at that. Eight cents worth per 16x20. Doesn't seem like a huge investment. Making up fixer solutions is even cheaper per print, I'd guess, but not by much, and at some tradeoffs as well.
I use sulfite in fixer and washaid. Eliminating it from fixer is a convenience. Eventually it means a big heavy bag of the stuff -- that I won't have to hoist.
I believe you have pointed out that you see no reason to use washaid either with your technique?
regards, --le
 Signature ________________________________ Lloyd Erlick Portraits, Toronto. voice: 416-686-0326 email: portrait@heylloyd.com net: www.heylloyd.com ________________________________
dan.c.quinn@att.net - 29 Nov 2005 00:39 GMT > I believe you have pointed out that you see > no reason to use washaid either with your [quoted text clipped - 4 lines] > email: portrait@heylloyd.com > net: www.heylloyd.com Quite the opposite. As you know I've taken one-shot with one-tray processing to the extreme. You in part can take some of the responsibility for that. One-tray processing has made for me a roomy darkroom. One-shot developing was not a problem. Least solution volumes, greater dilutions, and a minimum of three minutes in the developer are the techniques I use. The question for some time was, is it practicle to use fixer one-shot? Eddie Ephraums suggested a sixty gram print fixer and and Bill Troop said forget it; too little capcity, too slow. The too slow had me worried. The fixer had to be very dilute to be used one-shot. After all some amount of solution is needed to process. I knew a little A. or S. Thiosulfate would go a long ways. Well, the story ends happily ever after. Very dilute S. or A. Thiosulfate will finish off a print in two to four minutes. I've not by a long shot worked with all papers so four minutes is an allowance. The BIG BONUS came as a surprise. It dawned on me one day that the small volumes used to fix one print were enough to hold silver levels within ARCHIVAL limits. Archival results and great capacity with one fix!! "... the use of hypo clearing agent is absolutely essential to good washing technique." That according to Martin Reed. Whatever the fix I don't see any good reason not to use HCA. Of course it's another one-shot for me so fresh each use; least volume, one percent. I will likely make my first still water tray wash a one percent HCA. A Gas Really. One-Tray and One-Shot. Takes some getting used to what with everything going down the drain after one use. A real change of pace recommended for those who like to experiment and those with two, three, a few prints to do. Dan
Lloyd Erlick - 29 Nov 2005 17:17 GMT >those with two, >three, a few prints to do. Dan November 29, 2005, from Lloyd Erlick,
That would be me. Six finished prints is pretty much a full day for me. Eight or ten would be possible but a lot of work; they'd have be from the same negative.
You're refining your method. I'm glad to see such detailed descriptions coming out of you.
regards, --le
 Signature ________________________________ Lloyd Erlick Portraits, Toronto. voice: 416-686-0326 email: portrait@heylloyd.com net: www.heylloyd.com ________________________________
dan.c.quinn@att.net - 29 Nov 2005 22:34 GMT > On 28 Nov 2005 dan wrote: > [quoted text clipped - 15 lines] > email: portrait@heylloyd.com > net: www.heylloyd.com Some more detail. It is nearly an inconsequintial matter but a water rinse twixt the developer and fixer will improve a a very little more the capacity of the fixer. Thiosulfates, A. or S., are not reducing agents with regard to the silver halides. I've not seen any stain or dichroic fog when using A. or S. Thio. unadulterated. A little sulfite added to either will bump the ph and add some margine of safety. Agfa suggests sodium carbonate rather than hca's sulfite. I think I will switch to carbonate and not worry about that 1% sulfite solution going bad. Better yet bicarbonate? I'm a moderate when it comes to ph. What with the very dilute fixers, hca choices, and number of rinse and wash routines, I've a lot of testing to do. If some one would explain the working of and cause of early failure of the HT-2 test, I could the sooner get on with it. Dan
lew - 28 Nov 2005 19:13 GMT Can the group recommend a diy basic sodium thiosulfate fixer fro use with pyro/staining developers? -Lew
Gregory Blank - 28 Nov 2005 22:33 GMT > Can the group recommend a diy basic sodium thiosulfate fixer fro use with > pyro/staining developers? > -Lew I dislike mixing fixer from powder, its a PITA for relatively small amounts of advantage- IMOP. I do like Zonal pro liquid fixer, I buy it by the cubi-tainer full something on the order of 2.5 gallons of stock for something like $65.00 usd. Its proportional so 100ml mixed with a liter of water, very easy and it works fine with my PMK negatives,...plenty of stain and a lot less hassle than buying powder.
I am not against powdered chemistry in general but this one were I can save a hassle.
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lew - 28 Nov 2005 22:43 GMT Greg: Sorry for the miscue, diy = do it yourself. I'm looking for a formula. I'll mix it from scratch; I already have the raw chemicals on hand. The issue that motivated my post was that acid fixers (powder or otherwise) reduce the staining effect of developers. -Lew
>> Can the group recommend a diy basic sodium thiosulfate fixer fro use with >> pyro/staining developers? [quoted text clipped - 10 lines] > I am not against powdered chemistry in general but this one were I can > save a hassle. Gregory Blank - 28 Nov 2005 23:01 GMT > Greg: > Sorry for the miscue, diy = do it yourself. I'm looking for a formula. > I'll mix it from scratch; I already have the raw chemicals on hand. The > issue that motivated my post was that acid fixers (powder or otherwise) > reduce the staining effect of developers. > -Lew Yep I know the meaning DYI, I have never seen evidence that Zonal Pro reduces the PMK stain. However since you do have the chemicals here is the most basic formula .... I know of,
Plain Hypo fix from Anchell's - D.R.C.BK
Water = 64oz @125F Hypo (Sodium thio) =16 oz.
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ujazz32@hotmail.com - 02 Dec 2005 07:48 GMT Hi Lew.
I use Ron Mowery's Superfix with all of my developers, staining included. It's very simple to make up, works very fast with excellent capacity and no odor.
Superfix
Ammonium Hypo solution 200 ml/l
Sodium Sulfite (anh) 10 g/l
Ammonium Thiocyanate 10 g/l
Thiourea 10 g/l
As mixed the pH was 7.8 at 22.3 deg C. I adjusted it to 6.6 at 22.6 deg C with about 12 ml of 28% acetic acid. As mixed, it has a faint ammonia odor, but after the pH is adjusted, it has no odor of ammonia. The pH range of this fix should be about 6.3 - 6.7.
ujazz32@hotmail.com - 02 Dec 2005 07:51 GMT I should have noted that fix times for most films in fresh Superfix are around 30 seconds. Finer grained films fix faster than coarser grained ones.
Nick Zentena - 28 Nov 2005 22:47 GMT > Can the group recommend a diy basic sodium thiosulfate fixer fro use with > pyro/staining developers? TF-2 if you want to reuse. If not Adams Fixer. Both should be easy enough to find with a quick google search.
Nick
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Jean-David Beyer - 29 Nov 2005 19:38 GMT > Hi all, I'm looking for formulations of fixing bath without using > ammonium thiosulfate. By now I have the Ilford IF-2 formulation (sodium > thiosulfate 200 g, potassim metabisulfite 12.5 g per liter of water). Any > opinion about this one? If you can find someone who will sell you some sodium cyanide or potassium cyanide, you can make an excellent fixer from it. Fixes very fast (though you may wish to ensure that the emulsion is adeuately hardened), washes out quickly. The stuff is cheap.
Only problems are to make absolutely sure that you cannot get any acid in it, and that you have a government approved way of getting rid of it.
N.B.: it is pretty easy to kill yourself or others with it. Photoengravers using wet-plate techiques were probably the last to use it.
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